Occitania - Wikipedia. For the current administrative region of France, see Occitanie.

1 I celebrate myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. I loafe and invite my soul.

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Occitania. Occit. This cultural area roughly encompasses the southern half of France, as well as Andorra, Monaco, and smaller parts of Italy (Occitan Valleys, Guardia Piemontese) and Spain (Aran Valley). Occitania has been recognized as a linguistic and cultural concept since the Middle Ages, but has never been a legal nor a political entity under this name, although the territory was united in Roman times as the Seven Provinces (Latin: Septem Provinci. Since 2. 00. 6, the Occitan language has been an official language of Catalonia, which includes the Aran Valley where Occitan gained official status in 1. Under Roman rule, most of Occitania was known as Aquitania. Under the Later Empire, both were grouped in the Seven Provinces, then Nine Provinces or Viennensis.

So Provence and Gallia Aquitania (or Aquitanica) are the names used since medieval times for Occitania (i. Limousin, Auvergne, Languedoc and Gascony). Thus the historic Duchy of Aquitaine must not be confused with the modern French region called Aquitaine: this is the main reason why the term Occitania was revived in the mid- 1. This derives from the name Lenga d'. The somewhat uncommon ending of the term Occitania is most probably a portmanteau French clerks coined from . French is now the dominant language in this area, where Occitan is not recognized as an official language.

The Occitan Valleys in the Italian . These are fourteen Piedmontese valleys in the provinces of Cuneo and Torino, as well as in scattered mountain communities of the Liguria region (province of Imperia), and, unexpectedly, in one community (Guardia Piemontese) in the region of Calabria (province of Cosenza).

The Aran valley, in the Pyrenees, in Catalonia (Spain) where Occitan has been an official language since 1. Aran Valley, then confirmed by the Catalan Statute)The Principality of Monaco (where Occitan is traditionally spoken beside Mon. There are six main regional varieties, with easy inter- comprehension among them: Proven. All these varieties of the Occitan language are written and valid.

Standard Occitan is a synthesis which respects soft regional adaptations. See also Northern Occitan and Southern Occitan.

Catalan is a language very similar to Occitan and there are quite strong historical and cultural links between Occitania and Catalonia. History. The spoken dialects of Occitan are centuries older and appeared as soon as the 8th century, at least, revealed in toponyms or in Occitanized words left in Latin manuscripts, for instance.

In Thionville, nine years before he died (8. Charlemagne vowed that his empire be partitioned into three autonomous territories according to nationalities and mother tongues: along with the Franco- German and Italian ones, was roughly what is now modern Occitania from the reunion of a broader Provence and Aquitaine. Since then the country was never politically united again, though Occitania was united by a common culture which used to cross easily the political, constantly moving boundaries.

Occitania suffered a tangle of varying loyalties to nominal sovereigns: from the 9th to the 1. Aquitaine, the counts of Foix, the counts of Toulouse and the Counts of Barcelona rivalled in their attempts at controlling the various pays of Occitania. Occitan literature was glorious and flourishing at that time: in the 1. Lenga d'. Actually, the terms Lenga d'. From the end of the 1. French while the people stuck to Occitan (this process began from the 1. Limousin and Bourbonnais).

In 1. 53. 9, Francis I issued the Ordinance of Villers- Cotter. But despite measures such as this, a strong feeling of national identity against the French occupiers remained and Jean Racine wrote on a trip to Uz. That led to a deprecation of the language known as la vergonha (the shaming): the whole fourteen million inhabitants of the area spoke Occitan in 1.

The situation got worse with the media excluding the use of the langue d'oc. In spite of that decline, the Occitan language is still alive and gaining fresh impetus. Outer settlements. Raymond IV of Toulouse founded it in 1.

Crusades north of Jerusalem. Most people of this county came from Occitania and Italy and so the Occitan language was spoken. Champion (2017) Free Online more. There are 1. 4 to 1. Occitania today. According to the 1.

Native speakers of Occitan are to be found mostly in the older generations. The Institut d'Estudis Occitans (IEO) has been modernizing the Occitan language since 1. Conselh de la Lenga Occitana (CLO) since 1. Nowadays Occitan is used in the most modern musical and literary styles such as rock 'n roll, folk rock (Lou Dalfin), rap (Fabulous Trobadors), reggae (Massilia Sound System) and heavy metal, detective stories or science- fiction. It is represented on the internet.

Association schools (Calandretas) teach children in Occitan. The Occitan political movement for self- government has existed since the beginning of the 2. Partit Occitan, Partit de la Nacion Occitana, Anaram Au Patac, Iniciativa Per Occit! The movement remains negligible in electoral and political terms.

Nevertheless, Regional Elections in 2. Partit Occitan to enter the Regional councils of Aquitaine, Auvergne, Midi- Pyr. However, in France, Occitan is still not recognized as an official language, as the status of French has been constitutionally protected since 1. Occitan activists want the French government to adopt Occitan as the second official language for seven regions representing the South of France.

The troubadours were highly appreciated for their refined lyricism and influenced many other similar . Troubadourism (the later shorthand) remained a tradition for centuries and its members were mainly from the aristocracy; the movement epitomized by William IX, Duke of Aquitaine and Bertran de Born.

Occitan literature experienced a rebirth during the Baroque period, mainly in Gascony through the B. Toulouse was also an important place for this renaissen. Nonetheless, Occitan literature following the death of Henry IV went into a significant period of decline, as witnessed by the fact that local poets, such as Cl. Mistral won the 1. Nobel Prize in literature, illustrating the curiosity about the Proven. Its main purpose is to promote Occitan poetry. In 1. 94. 5 the cultural association L'Institut d'Estudis Occitans (The Institute of Occitan Studies) was created by a group of Occitan and French writers, including Jean Cassou, Tristan Tzara and Renat Nelli.

Its purpose is to maintain and develop the language and influence of Occitania, mainly through the promotion of local literature and poetry. Romantic composer Gabriel Faur. He sought to incorporate the music indigenous to the area in his compositions. Gastronomy. Indeed, because of the size of Occitania and the great diversity of landscapes- from the mountaineering of the Pyrenees and the Alps, rivers and lakes, and finally the Mediterranean and Atlantic coast – it can be considered as a highly varied cuisine.

Compared to other Mediterranean cuisines, we could note the using of basic elements and flavors, among them meat, fish and vegetables, moreover the frequent using of the olive oil; although also compound of elements from the Atlantic coast cuisine, with cheeses, pastes, creams, butters and more high calorie food. Among well- renowned meals common on the Mediterranean coast includes ratatolha (the equivalent of Catalan samfaina), alh. Another significant aspect that changes compared to its Mediterranean neighbors is the abundant amount of aromatic herbs; some of them are typically Mediterranean, like parsley, rosemary, thyme, oregano or again basil. Some of the world- renowned traditional meals are Proven. Alcohols such as Pastis and Marie Brizard or brandies such as, Armagnac, and Cognac are produced in the area.